Whole Numbers Class 6 notes
We have learned about the natural numbers from 1 to 10. Whole numbers are the set natural numbers including with zero. 0 is the smallest whole number. Whole numbers are 0, 1, 2, 3, ……… All-natural numbers are whole numbers, but all whole numbers are not natural numbers
Properties of Whole Numbers
Addition and multiplication of any 2 whole number give a whole number.
Subtraction and division of any 2 whole number may or may not give a whole number.
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What is a Number line?
A number line is a picture of a graduated straight and horizontal line in which numbers are written. A number written on the left-hand side of the number line is lesser and number written on the right-hand side of the number line is greater. Lets us look into some solved example problems.
Find 12 × 35 using distributivity.
12 × 35 = 12 × (30 + 5)
= 12 × 30 +12 × 5
= 360 + 60 = 420.
Calculate – (2 + 3) + 4 = ? = 5+ 4 = 9.
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Evolution of Numbers
Natural numbers
Numbers that are used for counting and ordering are called natural Numbers.
1,2,3,4,5,6… are natural numbers
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Whole numbers
Natural numbers along with zero form the collection of whole numbers.
0,1,2,3,4,5… are called whole numbers.
For More Information On Number Systems, Watch The Below Video.
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Predecessors and Successors
Predecessor and Successor
A successor of any number is the next number to it, which is obtained by adding 1.
A predecessor of any number is the previous number to it, which is obtained by subtracting 1.
For example, predecessor and successor of the number 12 is 12 – 1 and 12 + 1 which is 11 and 13
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Where Do Whole Numbers Live?
Number Line
It is the infinitely long line containing all the whole numbers.
The line starts at zero, and any two consecutive whole numbers have the same distance between them.
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Describing Number Line
Operations on a number line
⇒ Addition on a number line. For example, addition of 1 and 5 (1 + 5 = 6). First, locate 1 on the number line. Then move 5 places to the right will give 6.
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⇒ Subtraction on a number line. For example, subtraction of 3 from 7 (7 – 3 = 4). First, locate 7 on the number line. Then move 3 places to the left will give 4.
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⇒ Multiplication on a number line. For example product of 3 and 4 (3 × 4 = 12). Start from 0 and skip 3 places to the right 4 times.
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⇒ Division on a number line. For example 6 ÷ 3 = 2. Start from 6 and subtract 3 for a number of times till 0 is reached. The number of times 3 is subtracted gives the quotient.
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Properties of Operators: Commutative Associative and Distributive
Division by zero
Division of any whole number by 0 is not defined.
Mathematical operations are simplified due to certain properties that every number follows. They are:
Commutative property
Addition and multiplication are commutative for whole numbers. i.e whole numbers can be added or multiplied in any order.
For e.g: 2 + 3 = 5 = 3 + 3 × 4 = 12 = 4 × 3
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Associative property
Associativity of addition and multiplication
For eg: (5 +6) + 4 = 15 = 5 + (6 + 4)
(2 × 3) × 4 = 24 =2 × (3 × 4)
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Distributive Property
With distributivity property, 4 × (5 + 3) can be written as (4 × 5) + (4 × 3)
Here, 4 × (5 + 3) = 4 × 13 = 52
Also, (4 × 5) + (4 × 3) = 20 + 32 = 52
There exists certain numbers, when included in mathematical operations like addition and multiplication, the value of the operation remains unchanged. Such numbers are called as identities.
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Additive Identity
Additive identity gives the same whole number when added to another whole number.
Zero is the additive identity as a + 0 = a, (a is any whole number).
Multiplicative Identity
Multiplicative identity gives the same whole number when multiplied by another whole number.
1 is the Multiplicative identity as a × 1 = a, (a is any whole number)
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Let’s Play With Whole Numbers
Patterns
Every number can be arranged as a line.
E.g : 5 = •••••
Some whole numbers can be expressed as squares.
E.g : CBSE Notes for Class 6 Maths Chapter 2 - 6
Some whole numbers can be expressed as rectangles.
E.g : 6 can be shown as 3 × 2
CBSE Notes for Class 6 Maths Chapter 2 - 7
Some numbers can also be arranged as triangles.
CBSE Notes for Class 6 Maths Chapter 2 - 8
Numbers between square numbers
Between 2 successive square numbers there exists 2n non-square numbers. Between, n² and (n + 1)² there are non-square numbers. Here is a whole number.
For example, between 9 (3)² and 16 (4)², there are 10 , 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 which is 6 = 2 × 3 numbers.
Adding odd numbers
Sum of the first n natural odd numbers gives n² which is a perfect square.
For example : Sum of first 5 natural odd numbers ⇒ 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 25 = 5²
Properties of Operators: Closure Properties
Closure property
Whole numbers are closed under addition and also under multiplication.
3 + 1 = 4, a whole number
5 + 3 = 8, a whole number
4 × 4 = 16, a whole number
9 × 2 = 18, a whole number
Whole numbers are not closed under subtraction and division.
8 – 5 = 3, a whole number
5 – 8 = -3, not a whole number
12 ÷ 4 = 3, a whole number
9 ÷ 2 = 9/2, not a whole number
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