CLASS 12TH THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY NCERT PDF
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In this ARTICLE we will study about Women
related
Reform Movement
But before that we will understand two main
terms.
Empowerment & Emancipation.
Empowerment of women: Refers to giving rights
to women equal to that of men.
Emancipation of women: Refers to saving women
from inhuman practices prevalent in the society
such as
 |
| CLASS 12TH THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY NCERT PDF |
Sati system.
Major social Reformers and Organizations who
contributed in the improvement of status of
women:
1.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy propagated message for
abolition of Sati.
On account of his efforts, British passed
Bengal Sati Regulation Act in 1829.
2.
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar propagated message
of widow remarriage.
On account of his efforts, Hindu Widow’s
Remarriage Act was passed in 1856 which legalized
widow remarriage.
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar also wrote a book
titled Bahuvivah to promote his message.
3.
Keshub Chandra Sen: On account of his efforts,
first time anti-child marriage act was passed.
The Act was revised number of times before
independence.
Finally, the Act was revised in 1929 on account
of the efforts of Harbilas Sarda.
Thus, the Child Marriage Restraint Act was
popularly called Sarda Act.
He also published the first exclusive female
magazine in India by name of Bamabodhini Patrika.
4.
Pandita Rama Bai founded Sharda Sadan and
Mukti Sharda Sadan.
Sharda Sadan for the education and support
of widows and other women.
Mukti Sharda Sadan was started to provide
shelter to child widows and destitute women
and Kripa Sadan was established for women
involved in prostitution.
She also founded Arya Mahila Samaj to promote
women education and prevent child marriages.
5.
Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddi was the first woman
legislator of India.
She was appointed to Madras Legislative Council
in the year of 1927.
Bills to abolish Devdasi system, Immoral Trafficking
of girls, Cruelty to children, raising the
age of marriage etc. were enacted into laws
entirely due to her efforts.
She started home for orphans at Chennai.
Movement for Female Education:
There were 3 important movements for education
of women.
1.
John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune who was pioneer
of female education in India.
He founded Hindu Balika Vidyalaya in Bengal
in 1849, popularly known as Bethune school
located in Kolkata.
It was established as a college in 1879.
It is the oldest women's college in Asia.
2.
Dhondo Keshav Karve established first female
university in India at Pune in 1916.
Later on, University was shifted to Bombay
as SNDT Indian Women’s University.
3.
Arya Samaj: Established Arya Kanya Pathshala
in Jalandhar to promote education among females.
Arya Kanya Pathshala was converted into Kanya
Mahavidyalaya to provide higher education
to females.
Now let us revise what we have learnt.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy propagated the message
for abolition of Sati.
Widow remarriage was legalized on account
of efforts of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.
Anti-child marriage act was passed due to
the efforts of Keshub Chandra Sen.
Widow Homes were founded by Pandita Rama Bai.
Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddi, first women legislator,
helped in abolishing devdasi system.
Hindu Balika Vidyalaya was founded by John
Elliot Drinkwater Bethune at Kolkata.
1st female university was established by Dhondo
Keshav Karve at Pune.
Kanya Mahavidyala was established by Arya
Samaj.
Now.
Let us evaluate ourselves.
Q1.
An important landmark in the history of women’s
empowerment in Bengal was the passage of Bengal
Anti-sati Act.
Who among the following was major reformer
associated with this act?
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
J.E.D Bethune
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Raja Baidyanath Roy
The correct answer (a).
Q2.
Consider the following statement:
Keshab Chandra Sen supported:
Anti-child marriage
Empowerment of women
Caste system.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
Keshab Chandra Sen supported empowerment of
system but he opposed caste system.
Hence, the correct answer is (b).
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